HISTORY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

OVERVIEW

Diversity sovereignty in England and in the United Kingdom of Great Britain as the history of the unity government in the state of Scotland, governments began 1707 with a political union. Simon Schama's story ends on an extremely powerful and full partnership in the critical state of the world, said this new "hate integration means that what began as ... This was one of the most dramatic in European history." One more Irish government to create a law that has been added to the EU in 1800, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom.

In the first decades of 1746. In 1763 ended with the defeat at Culloden Jacobite risings because Stuart was a sign; Seven years of war, the victory was, however, a major international force which threatened to be the rule of the British Empire, due to become the largest empire in history and centuries. As a result, the United Kingdom, and industrial, political, constitutional, education, culture and language influence, and around the world.

In 1922, the Anglo-Irish Agreement of Biafra to be followed by most of the Irish Free State Ireland; After one day, they returned to the free state of Biafra in Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. As a result, in 1927 the United Kingdom "the United Kingdom" or "E UK" the United Kingdom to "Great Britain and Northern Ireland," often "Britain" shorter, and (after 1945) with the formal title has been changed.

The Soviet Union, China and the US National Allied forces in World War II as Britain joined in, and the State of Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Japan fought a successful war against. And the high cost of maintaining Britain had an empire anymore; So much of this territory gave to independence. The new territories, especially in the United Kingdom joined the Nations.The has been trying to become a leading member of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, the European Union and NATO. In the 1990s, however, this constantly evolving political unity and unity in the large-scale ground-level activity A question of devolution of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland.

HISTORY

Kingdom of Great Britain because the British government (including Wales) and Scotland political union, came on May 1, 1707. Terms of trade were laid out in last year's negotiations, and the union agreement. Scotland and England, parliaments and each die on the death of Elizabeth, James VI of Scotland when he began to different states, England and Scotland, James, also shared a monarch since 1603, was Union.ally in an event known as the Union of the Crowns ratified the agreement through their respective Acts England, and I will. 

Slightly more than one-hundred years later, Union of Great Britain, the two parliaments merging in Parliament, the government combined into a single two governments is enabled. Queen Anne was the unity of the ruling, it was the first king of a deeper political integration between the two governments favor and Great Britain. In Scotland, the first time the death of Anne, and second, the right to an independent and then invaded England to a different emperor relinquished the right to vote on cooperation with European power could be used as the basis for the unity of England, Scotland and safety was important.

Union agreed on the terms of the agreement, but now a kingdom, some aspects of the former independent states, remained the same. Scotland, the Presbyterian Church and the Anglican Church of England, Scotland and England as the law remained separate. England and Scotland have continued each school has its own system.

1702 William III of Great Britain, the only creature in the series before his death happened during the war in the Spanish Grand Alliance was re-activated in France. His successor, Anne, continued the war. Duke of Marlborough from a hundred years of war on the continent, won a series of brilliant victories over France, England, the first major success in the field. Louis XIV, the French people about the King of France has invited a discouraging 1709, brought in its knees. After that, we were able to change his general Marshal Villars in France's favor. One more peace-minded government came to power in Great Britain, 1713-1714 and ended in terms of Utrecht and Rastadt.

1. Hanoverian kings

• Ke’ošeyiriši Kneller George I in 1714,Queen Anne died in 1714, at the Hanover alternative, Louis George, George I (1714-1727) and as king. 

• King makes him more attention to each other in Hanover, surrounded himself with Germans; But he shook remained in the army was created to build a stable political system in Britain and Stuart helped bring peace to Northern Europe.

• Jacobite search for a strong reform factions; They instigated a rebellion in 1715-1716. James II's son, had planned invasion of England; But before he can do this, John Erskine, Earl of March, was easily defeated Scotland invasion began.

• George II (1727-1760) and strengthening the Caribbean colonies in North America, 1730-42.He first built during the British Empire, Sir Robert Walpole held with the government, the constitutional system has been upgraded to stable. 

• Increasing the power of France's victory in the seven-year war (1756-1763) in combination with Prussia, and Canada won full control.

• George III 1760-1820 reigned; Hanover was born in Britain, as he has never visited first language is English. American War of Independence and repeated a dictator reviled by Americans as the instigator, he is the eldest son of the last king of government and politics dominate regent.

• The used for a long time after 1788, as it is known in France as the American Revolutionary War and the loss of empire was lost in the mad (1783) in for the first time with the damage the British Empire, by aiding the Americans were seeking vengeance defeat in the seven-year war.

• The government of India, in Africa, Asia, British industrial revolution and economic powerhouse his second start on the state it was known buildings, and French French Revolutionary Wars and all the life and death struggle over 1793- 1802, A Short Shooting and cough, and the vital attitude bemeyelik’i the victory over Napoléon Napoleonic wars (1803-1815), ends.

NAPOLEONIC WARS

Main article: Napoleonic Wars in the United Kingdom

Second Coalition (1799-1801) War, Britain and France since most of the Dutch colonies (the Netherlands, France, 1796 was a satellite) hold, but tropical diseases, more than 40,000 soldiers lost their lives. After the war, Amiens treaty, Britain was forced to return the majority of the colony. Shooting was only on the outcome of the peace settlement, Napoleon trying to trade sanctions and the German city of Hanover (the British crown as a fief) continued to stir up by the British occupying forces in the country. 

On May 1803, and declared war. Britain failed because of the inferiority of the Navy plans to invade Napoleon, and in 1805, Lord Nelson's fleet decisively Napoleonic wars to the highest step on the coast of Trafalgar against the French and Spanish, victory.

Trafalgar off to war (completely dismasted) Bucentaure major French to the British HMS Sandwich fires. The Bucentaure also (behind her) HMS Victory and HMS Temeraire (on the left) striking picture. In fact, this sandwich HMS August Mayer, it is an error to the artist, has never fought at Trafalgar Square.

Minor naval actions a large number of naval and colonial conflicts, a series of French Revolutionary wars, including those of the European war, and like in the past. Conflict in the Caribbean, and may have some effect on the war, especially a conflict that could endanger the entire European colonial bases and islands. On can talk to Napoleonic history, an ongoing conflict "World War II was at the point. Only offered to serve as a widespread conflict on such a level of seven years of war.

In 1806, Napoleon result of the Continental system brought to Berlin Decrees, issued a series. This policy has its own business to French-controlled territory close aimed to undermine Britain's export economy. British forces remained low risk to France; The Napoleonic wars, if necessary, in the height of Britain's standing army of only 220,000 were scarcely one million people Napoleon's military draft, in addition to many supporters of the guardsmen and hosts several hundred thousand can be compared with the national army in France. 

The power of the Royal Navy, the French more effectively in both attack-regional trade-; Although intimidation and French shipping and French colonies disrupted found that the main asset-continent do business with France's economy may create a threat to French territory in Europe. In addition, the French population and agricultural capacity outstripped that of Britain.

Many had believed that the French government in the continent of Europe, Britain's economic impact on the isolation and exclusion upgrade. To achieve this, although French by continental system has never succeeded in its purpose. Britain possessed the capacity to trade through the great industry and its rapidly growing mastery of the sea and its new government property in Europe has allowed to build economic strength. British naval supremacy will not be able to establish peace necessary to strengthen the control on France, Europe, and could be a threat to the home islands and the main British colony.

Britain allowed him to gain a foothold in the Spanish rebellion to the continent in the last in 1808. Napoleon to the Prussians, was driven by the Austrians and Russians in the east of England and the Duke of Wellington as the Portuguese and his army gradually, Spain, France pushed out at the beginning of 1814, the invasion of southern France in Wellington. After Napoleon from exile in Elba Island and surrender, peace, appeared to have returned; But he escaped back to 1815, when France, Britain and their allies had to fight him again. Von Blucher and Wellington, Napoleon's army conquered all at once and Waterloo.

THE BRITISH EMPIRE

Francis Hayman, Lord Clive at Plassey meeting with war, after Mir Jafar (c. 1762).

1756 began on a seven-year war, the first war, waged on a global scale; Europe, India, North America, the Caribbean, had fought in the Philippines shores of Africa. (1763) Paris agreement signed by Britain and the Empire had important consequences. In North America, a colonial power as France and Spain to Britain in the future success of the new French ceding (British-controlled E if, between the French-speaking population left) and ended with Louisiana. Spain, Britain lek’ek’echi to Florida. 

War Carnatic effective control of British India into India in the future, leaving its communities, but was still left with an obligation to support France and the British military restrictions client Nations. Seven-year-old British victory over France in the war so great colonial power Britain that left in the world.

In the 1760s and 1770s during the thirteen colonies and the relationship between the primary reason for the American Revolutionary War in 1775 turned consent.Disagreement attack began their opposition to tax the American colonies of the British Parliament on repeated attempts, it was becoming strained. In 1776 the United States declared independence Patriots royal officials were expelled from the United States. British army after a 1777 invasion, the US military out of balance, (France, Spain, in turn aided) evening an alliance with France. Only a handful of the British army, control of the coastal cities.

1780-81 was a low point for Britain. Taxes and deficits and government corruption, were highly extended, and the United States had no clear end in sight with which he entered the sixth year of the war. The Gordon riots in parliament increased between Catholics response, echoed the spring of 1781 in London. Lord Cornwallis Yorktown, Virginia, surrendered his army in October 1781. Paris agreement officially recognizing war era and the freedom of the United States, signed in 1783.

British General John Burgoyne at Saratoga by John Trumbull 1822 (1777), the Aga Credit

At thirteen colonies off, the most populous British colonies, the "first" and "second" Nations, Britain marked the transition between the focus shifted to Asia, the Pacific and later to Africa. In 1776 Adam Smith published the governments of wealth, arguing it was too colonial past; Free trade protectionism in love with Spain and Portugal, should replace the old mercantilist policies that had been characteristic of the first period of colonial expansion.

 After 1783, newly independent United States Smith confirmed the view that it is not necessary to achieve the economic growth of the business and political control of Britain.

Work in the past 100 years, the British East India company is not interested in building an empire in India, it was business. The Mughal Empire in the 18th century as a region to the business needs of the company and turned over power declined in the 1740s and 1750s, and the British East India Company during the wars against the French counterpart, Carnatic, Compagnie française des Indes struggled with for orientales. 

Robert Clive control in the hands of the British in Bengal, India ,, the main military and political power, leaving the company, in the French and Indian War II allies defeated Plassey. In the following decades, gradually increased the amount of native Indian sepoys, or made up 80% of the Indian army, under threat of power to the local puppet rulers through direct or indirect control, territories under its control.

The Voyages of the explorer James Cook

In August 1770, at 22, James Cook discovered the east coast of Australia in the South Pacific was a scientific trip. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the go, repealed settlement deal with the government presented evidence Suited for space on the Bay, and in 1787 the first load of criminals arriving in 1788, set sail.

In 1921, the British Empire

The British government in 1789, the outbreak of the French Revolution was a somewhat mixed response, and the outbreak of war on the continent in 1792, so the first vote. But the following January, Lewis was beheaded in his book. It motivated me to declare Britain, France, the Netherlands, coupled with the threat of an invasion of this war. For the next 23 years the two nations in the war, except for a short period of 1802-1803. Among European nations, only Britain, France or never alliance with the offer. In the 1790s several centuries, the British defeated the lines between France and its allies, but were unable to land any of the events.

 One of the Anglo-Russian invasion of the Netherlands in 1799 did little except a recording on Dutch ships.

In the 19th century, on the threshold, unlike previous wars, Britain, represented in a competition, ideological struggle between the two nations, under Napoleon was the question again in France, Great Britain, the constitutional monarchy liberal principles of the French Revolution vs. Napoleon's invasion threat to Britain itself, and it with a fate similar to his troops had invaded continental Europe countries, called on the world stage was a threat not only to the British position was championed by the Napoleonic empire.It.