THE HISTORY OF TURKEY

OVERVIEW

Now, the territory of the Republic of Turkey operates a range understood as a story of the history of Turkey, parts of Asia in Anatolia (Turkey) and Eastern Tracy (the European part of Turkey) includes both the story.

When the old Ottoman times, for example, the difference between a Turkic people, and now the Republic of Turkey, must be made of the history of ancient Anatolia and creativity is basically the story of Tracy in the territories.

Turkey is the middle name comes from the Latin Turchia, ie "the land of the Turks" From the beginning of the medieval Turkic peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe fell under the control of a totally different area, seems to represent.

Turks had conquered parts of what is now Turkey, and Turkey's history Seljuk and Ottoman Empires modern history of the Middle Ages, people in medieval history, and since 1920, spans the history of the Republic of Turkey.

TURKISH ANCIENT HISTORY

Historians generally agree that the first Turkic people who lived in Central Asia and Siberia extending to one region. The early history, they BCE.The different Turkic peoples Turkish trade referred to in the preceding first mentioned in Chinese literature late Xiongnu confederation (contemporaneous with the time of the Han dynasty of China) appeared on land approximately 200 BC to the 6th century after it was established, including the Silk Way Grand Sogdians with the tribes.

It has been suggested that the Han Dynasty Xiongnu often mentioned in the records, birth and were Turkic-speaking.

In the 5th century, invaded and conquered much of Europe Attila the hun countless, and other Turkic people argue that it may be one of the earlier Turkic Xiongnu.Some scholars descendants of the Huns, and argue that he was the source of Mongolic tribes.

In the 6th century, 400 years after the collapse of northern Xiongnu power in Inner Asia, was taken over by the leadership of the Turkic peoples Göktürks. The former nomads in the Xiongnu confederation, Göktürks their inherited traditions and administrative experience. From 745 to 552 Göktürk Göktürk leadership of the state to the nomadic Turkic ethnic unity. The name is derived from gok,. "Heavenly" or "celestial" Unlike its predecessor Xiongnu Göktürk Khan, a tribal chief of the state-controlled councils were subordinate to the authority of the sovereign tribe Ashina was a temporary khans.

Buddhist monks and missionaries that he received a syncretic religion, although Khan, the first shamanistic religion, remains Tengriism rooms. The Göktürks a Runic script, we were the first Turkic people to write in Old Turkic Orkhon script. Khan was also the first case, known as the "Grand". It eventually collapsed due to conflicts in the Royal series, but the name "Grand" Later many states and peoples was taken.

Turkic people from Turkestan and related groups migrated to the west, Eastern Europe, Iranian plateau and Anatolia and modern Turkey is now Mongolia; In many waves. The first expansion is not known. After many battles, they established their own state created after the Ottoman Empire. Asia and Europe to the Middle East.They When you go to most of the main migration also involved in the Crusades, occurred in the Middle Ages.

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

The next was the Ottoman capital beylik was the first major victory in 1361 was in Bursa in 1326. Edirne. After most of Europe and the spread of pushcarts, in 1453, was completed about Mehmed II, the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine rule in the capital city, Constantinople to capture the state. Constantinople was the capital of the province of Edirne following. The Ottoman Empire in Eastern Anatolia, Central Europe, the Caucasus, North and East Africa, the Mediterranean, would continue to promote the Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, and the 15th, 16th and 17th century, the islands in the Arabian Peninsula.


Sultan Suleiman the Great Golden Age.
Power and glory of the Ottoman Empire, especially during the reign of Suleiman the Great, in the 16th and was on the 17 th century. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the State of the Balkans, the southern part of the time were often at odds with Central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire to its steady advance.Also, there was often at war with Persia, the Ottoman Empire controversies.


At sea, the state control of the Mediterranean, consists of Habsburg wrestles with the teams, the Republic of Venice and St. John the heroes of Spain. In the Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia and the Ottoman navy frequently in order to prevent a disaster Portuguese warships traditional monopoly on the trade routes between Western Europe; These routes faced new competition with the Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488.


Karlowitz the Ottoman Empire in 1699, the agreement marked the beginning of a retreat; In some regions of the agreement were lost in Austria, Hungary and Transylvania, unless he received all the Banat; Along with the signing of Venice (Peloponnesus peninsula in southern Greece), I usually Crescents; Poland recovered Podolia.In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Ottoman Empire, Greece, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and the Balkans, including the 1912-1913 Balkan wars, continued loss of its territories. Anatolia (see under the Ottoman Empire rose in the National) in the 20th century until the left-National.


Its inhabitants, Turks, Armenians, Kurds, Greeks, too: Frenchs, and (especially from Genoa and Venice) were different ethnic groups, including Italians. Forged an alliance with Germany, who supported the Ottoman Empire with soldiers and equipment were faced with the loss bordered on all sides. Central Powers on the side of the Ottoman Empire (1914-1918) entered World War II; Finally, it was defeated. During the war, the major atrocities Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks.Following first, I was divided into many new territories of the Ottoman Empire was comprised of regions and peoples of the Ottoman Empire perpetrated on a massive Sumerian kingdom.

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

One by the Allies in World War I came up with some parts of the country on the Turkish invasion of Mustafa Kemal moved to establish a national movement.Under, he distinguished himself during the Gallipoli War, a military commander, Turkish war of self-management Sèvres.By September 18, 1922, the purpose of revoking the terms of the agreement it was, expelled the invading army. On November 1, a new parliament was founded in 623 years, ending the rule of the Ottoman standard, therefore, was taken to the Sultan.


On July 24, 1923 Lausanne Treaty, the Ottoman Empire's successor state, according to the newly formed "Republic of Turkey" has become the world's sovereignty and internationally recognized; And officially the Republic of October 29, 1923, in the new capital of Turkey, Kemal Ankara.Mustafa proclaimed Republic became the first president; It was subsequently established political women, the rights of its expelled from the Ottoman Empire Ottoman hat on past.


The introduced many radical reforms with the remnants of a new secular republic founder of the Purpose of, and the new system is based on the Latin alphabet was created.According as Turkish law on family names, Turkish Mustafa Kemal presented to parliament in 1934 with the honorific surname "Atatürk" (Father of the Turks).
4-6 December 1943, which was held between the second Cairo conference İnönü Roosevelt and Churchill.


Turkey was neutral in World War II (1939-45), but if this attack is to defend Germany, Britain and Turkey in October 1939 signed an agreement with Britain. It was the threat of an invasion in 1941, but is not available or territories, Syria and Ankara soldiers refused to allow them to cross its border into Germany's questions. Before the war, Germany was the largest trading partner, and continued to do business with Turkey on both sides. Both parties purchased from the war.


Constellation (used to make steel better) Chrome tried to stop the German purchases. Beginning in 1942, he gave military aid to the Allies. In November, Roosevelt and Churchill in 1943, conferred with Turkish leaders on the Cairo conference, and hope to enter the war. In August 1944, Germany is approaching with the victory, Turkey broke off relations. In February 1945, the Germany and Japan, Turkey declared war on the United Nations to develop a symbolic allowed to join the movement.


Meanwhile, up to a Cold War relationship with Moscow, it got worse. The Turkish military bases in the bay with the interests of the Soviet Union for the origin of the American Psychological infrastructure in Turkey, Greece and security guarantees prompted the United States to declare the Truman Doctrine in 1947, and large-scale US military and economic support for the results.


After participating with United Nations forces in the Korean War, Turkey joined as a bulwark against the expansion of NATO in 1952, the Soviet Mediterranean. The island of Cyprus and the Greek military coup in July 1974, overthrowing President Makarios Nikos Sampson as dictator for ten years following the ethnic violence loading, Turkey and North Cyprus Turkish Republic (nine years after the 1974 invasion of the Republic of Cyprus, TRNC) was established. Turkey is the only country to recognize the TRNC.


Turkish democracy in 1960, 1945, 1971 and 1980.In 1984, following the military coup was terminated after being tested during the multiparty one side, the PKK started guerrilla warfare against the Turkish government and democracy; 40,000 shirk their lives in the conflict, the country has enjoyed strong economic growth and greater political stability, 1980, when the Turkish economy continues to free today.Since.