THE HISTORY OF SRI LANKA

OVERVIEW

The senior-historical Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa, Silappatikaram, Manimekalai and the oldest settlement on the island of documents in Culavamsa.The are based on such news in history, an estimated 4 begins in the century. These news earlier in the 6th century CE was established in Tambapanni cover from the government. The Anuradhapura Kingdom, Pandukabhaya first Sri governor, in the 4th century BCE Is recorded.

 Buddhism Arhath Mahinda (Indian emperor Ashoka the Great's son) was preached before the 3rd century BCE. The Anuradhapura Kingdom, Elara, the first invader Tamil governor, in the 2nd century BC Is recorded.

Island under the rule of the Chola (993-1077 CE of) intermittently, following centuries past was divided into a number of governments. Anuradhapura Kandy in Sri Lanka to more than 181 events to the monarchy.In the 16 th century, some areas of the coast of the country, the Portuguese, Dutch and the British had control. 

1597 and 1658 between, a great part of the island was under Portuguese rule. Portuguese in Ceylon, the Dutch lost their homes due to interference in the eighty-year-old war. Following the wars of 1848 and 1818 Uva Rebellion British Kandyan took place in Matale violence, the issue of weapons of 1815. The island was united under British rule disruption. Finally, in 1948, was given independence, but remained in the country until 1972, Dominion British Empire.

In 1972, the situation in Sri Lanka is considered a republic. A constitutional president of the executive head of state made in 1978, was launched. The civil war in Sri 2009, ending a 25-year-long civil war with armed youths in the 1987-1989 uprising, including, began in 1983.

PREHISTORY

Balangoda Man in Sri Lanka is on the site of the colony. Balangoda Man arrived on the island about 34,000 years ago, and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers who lived in a cave that has been identified. Batadombalena the most popular and FA-Hien Rock these caves, including a cave, several, currently the first known inhabitants of the island, they found a number of artifacts.

Balangoda Man probably in the central hills, the trees next to catch a game, created Horton Plains. However, more than 15,000 BC suggests that in developed on the first day of oats and barley have already been discovered in the field of agriculture.

Many flint tools minute (about 4 centimeters in length), pottery, calories burned since the Mesolithic burial pots and clay, wood, cut on the stones. In 6000 BC, dating to the human body Varana old Maha vihara and were found during excavations in the latest round in a cave Kalatuwawa area.

Cinnamon is native Sri Lanka, Egypt and the inhabitants of the island at the beginning of the business mean that as early as 1500 BC, was found in ancient Egypt. This biblical Tarshish is almost located on the island. James Emerson Tennent Galle Tarshish.

At the beginning of the Iron Age to the protohistoric, if not earlier (;: 734 Deraniyagala 1992 Possehl 1990) 1200 BC seems to be established as early as himself, at least in South India. Sri Lanka Radiocarbon this early date is a profile-a. In Anuradhapura and Sigiriya Aligala shelter in 1000-800 BC (:;: 58; Mogren 1994: 

Karunaratne and Adikari 1994 709-29 Deraniyagala 1992 39; Coningham 1999 corroborated with the Anuradhapura dating). This further investigations will push back into the bottom border of South India, Sri match that is likely the most extensive.

Sri Lanka in the early Iron Age archaeological evidence for a large city-settlement 900 BC, where the rock is located at Anuradhapura,. Toll was 15 hectares in 900 BC, but in 700 BC has been discovered near Sigiriya Aligala in the same period was increased from 50 hectares.A the same site.

Now the island, Uva and North Central and eastern parts of the Wanniyala in-Aetto or Veddas known ādenyi- gatherer people, it's probably the first inhabitants, Balangoda man are the direct descendants. They may have migrated to the island from land around the spread of the sons of Africa and India. 

500 CE environment before birth, Sri Lankans developed a unique hydraulic civilization. Achievements architecture (Sinhalese in Dāgaba) to the ancient world's largest reservoirs and dams, as well as the construction of a huge pyramid-like and include Stupa. Sri culture may be the introduction of Buddhism at the beginning of this chapter.

The ancient Buddhist scriptures recorded in the history of the mythical Naga Kings, will take on human form, we can see snakes on the island, refers to three visits to the Buddha.

They live on the island from ancient news, and Dipavamsa to the Mahavamsa, (demon worshipers) Yakkhas, Nagas (cobra worshipers) and Devas (the migration of the inhabitants of the island before the tribes among the worshipers of God Vijaya).

ANCIENT SRI LANKA

1. Anuradhapura era (377 BC-1017)

Signs of the hill and the elephant, Pandyas, Sri Lanka, 1st century CE, the Temple of the Church that the government Pandyan cents.

In the kingdom of Anuradhapura for the first time, the economy was based on agriculture at the beginning of the year round, mainly agricultural settlement, with the north-central importance of water, the rivers to the east, and north-east regions. The king and ruler of the law, the army, and was the responsibility of being a guardian. Devanampiya Tissa (250-210 BC) and was friends with the king of Maurya Sinhalese ethnic group. 

Mahinda around before the birth of Christ with Emperor Asoka has 247 links on the promotion of Buddhism (Asoka's son). Sangamitta (Mahinda's sister) Jambukolapattana (Sambiliturei) brought the sapling Bodhi tree seedlings. This was an important Theravada Buddhism and became the king of Sri Lanka.

Elara (205-161 BC) in Sri Lanka after killing the capital of the King (North mahaweli) "Pihiti Rata" ruled by a Tamil king. Elara times during the Kelani Tissa (south-west), a sub-screen Rata was king and Kavan Tissa (South-East) Ruhuna, a regional sub-king. Kavan Tissa Tissa Maha Vihara, Dighavapi barrels and built many temples in Seruvila.

 Dutugemunu (161-137 BC), the first son of King Kavan Tissa, 25 years old in a single battle (over 64 years), described in the Mahavamsa victory in South Indian Tamil invading Elara. Dutugemunu designed Ruwanwelisaya, pyramid-like dimensions is a dagaba was considered an engineering marvel.

Following the example of brass on a Roman coin, Sri Lanka, 4-8th century CE.

Pulahatta (or Pulahatha), the first five Dravidians, Bahiya on down. He, in turn, were killed in 88 BC Dathika Pilaya Mara, Mara was deposed by Panaya down. Mara was completed Tamil rule Valagamba I (89-77 BC) on down. The Mahavihara Theravada Abhayagiri ( "piro- Mahayana") doctrinal disputes arose. It was written in the Pali Tripitaka Aluvihara, Matale.

 Rays Naga (63-51 BC), a Mahanagan, were badly affected by the queen, Queen Anula. Queen Anula (48-44 BC), Chora Naga and Kuda Tissa widow, Sri Lanka was the first queen. She was poisoned and killed Kuttakanna Tissa had many lovers. The Vasabha Vallipuram on a golden bowl (67-111 AD) ,, Anuradhapura built fortified twelve tanks and a number of edicts calling. Gajabahu I (114-136) in the Chola kingdom and brought the captives, and recovering Regarding the Buddhist invaded and teeth.

A classic Sangam period, Manimekalai, Killivalavan, and this union was born a king of the Chola Valai Pilli (Pilivalai) Manipallava named a liaison between the Naga daughter of the king, a prince, injured in the first Pallava king, who attributes the origin of the ship and shoot off (pallava) Cephalandra Indica (Tondai) have been found around the hip and was named man of this Tondai-. Another version of "Pallava" had "Ashvatthama King was born from a Pallava" he says, which he says was born Ashvatthama Brahmin with a Naga princess Bahur depends on the number of plates in the sixth Union.

4th-century Roman coins Sri hats, 4-8th century.

The ancient Tamil country (southern India today) and after a large fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Roman trade with Sri Lanka and lived for a long time to deal with this trade settlement, it was.

Mahasena (274-301) in the Theravada (Maha Vihara) during the persecution of Buddhism and was shown Mahayanan branch. Later, they returned to the king Maha Vihara. 700 provide space wallpaper (429) ending with Pithya in Pandu Dhatusena 455., was the first of seven Pandiyan rulers (459-477) "Kalaweva" and his son Kashyapa (477-495), a famous rock sigiriya built palace; Hint ancient Sinhalese.

SRI LANKA (1948-now)

1. Dominion

• The upper ranks of the armed forces at the beginning of the British dominion and power, status, followed in February 1948 with a military agreement with Britain and British air and sea bases 4 are left intact. 

• This time has been free on his own; Sri Lanka Senanayake became the first Prime Minister. In 1949, the Ceylon Tamils, Sinhalese Kandyan leaders felt had to pay for, and support the demographic threat to the UNP government with the concurrence of the Indian Tamil plantation to workers.

• This Senanayake; The price was disenfranchised the 'Kandyan leaders to include in the Indian Tamils, "Where would mean electoral defeat root tea.Senanayke a horse fell in 1952, was buried after his son Dudley Senanayake, replaced the minister of agriculture at the time.

•  A huge Hartal Left parties in 1953, the UNP ( "general strike") the following sequestered.John Kotelawala, a senior politician and Dudley Senanayke was followed by an uncle. By policies that conflict with the Tamils ​​and the Sinhalese antagonizing Kotelawala, E great personal fame or adroit political acumen Down Senanayake.

• He the fore the issue was kept under DS Senanayake adroitly turns to the side would have brought the issue of national languages, Sinhala and Tamil as official languages ​​status it is. Bandaranaike's supporters were also Buddhist lobby by attacking politically active Buddhist monks antagonized.

• In 1956, the Senate wall Sinhala and Tamil as a second language, was established as a national language. It was abolished privy counsel appealed to the Judicial Committee of the strike was in London to carry out a Marxist program and election pledges "to protect companies from the owner's investment in the processing trick" to nationalized.

• In 1956, Sinhala only Act came creature. This is the first established in the business and education and to the Sinhala language as your preferred language. The law took effect immediately. As a result, countless people burghers often felt discriminated against as they expect to live in the country and went abroad.